Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry

Register      Login

VOLUME 23 , ISSUE 3 ( September-December, 2019 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Police Officers

Doddappa M Bannigida, Vijayashree S Neeravari, Shivanand B Nayak

Keywords : Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Metabolic syndrome, Risk factors

Citation Information : Bannigida DM, Neeravari VS, Nayak SB. Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Police Officers. Indian J Med Biochem 2019; 23 (3):324-326.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0122

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-06-2018

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2019; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction: Police officers are facing enormous stress due to unpredictable working hours, irregular diet, disrupted sleep patterns, and different types of physical and mental disorders. The present study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and diabetes mellitus in police officers. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 800 participants (400 policemen and 400 controls). Along with questionnaire, biochemical, and anthropometric measurements were included in the present study. Statistical analysis: SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Results and conclusion: Present study reported increased risk factors like dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, which are predisposing factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and MetS.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Tharkar S, Kumpatla S, Muthukumaran P, et al. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk among police personnel compared to general population in India. J Assoc Physicians India 2008;56:845–849.
  2. Ramachandran A, Mary S, Yamuna A, et al. High prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in India. Diabetes Care 2008;31(5):893–898. DOI: 10.2337/dc07-1207.
  3. Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH. Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US adults. Diabetes Care 2004;27(10):2444–2449. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2444.
  4. Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56(14):1113–1132. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.034.
  5. Esposito K, Chiodini P, Colao A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2012;35(11):2402–2411. DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0336.
  6. Violanti JM, Burchfiel CM, Hartley TA, et al. Atypical work hours and metabolic syndrome among police officers. Arch Environ & Occup Health 2009;64(3):194–201. DOI: 10.1080/19338240903241259.
  7. Smith DR, Devine S, Leggat PA, et al. Alcohol and tobacco consumption among police officers. Kurume Med J 2005;52(1–2): 63–65. DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.52.63.
  8. Richmond RL, Wodak A, Kehoe L, et al. How healthy are police? A survey of lifestyle factors. Addiction 1998;93(11):1729–1737. DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9311172910.x.
  9. Magnavita N. Work-related psychological injury is associated with metabolic syndrome components in apparently healthy workers. PLOS One 2015;10(6):1–10. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130944.
  10. Kang MG, Koh SB, Cha BS, et al. Association between job stress on heart rate variability and metabolic syndrome in shipyard male workers. Yonsei Med J 2004;45(5):838–846. DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2004.45.5.838.
  11. Kawada T. Relationship between components of the metabolic syndrome and job strain using a brief job stress questionnaire (BJSQ). Int Arch Occup Env Health 2013;86(6):725–726. DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0870-0.
  12. Djindjic N, Jovanovic J, Djindjic B, et al. Associations between the occupational stress index and hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and lipid disorders in middle-aged men and women. Ann Occup Hyg 2012;56(9):1051–1062. DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes059.
  13. Chandola T, Brunner E, Marmot M. Chronic stress at work and the metabolic syndrome: prospective study. BMJ 2006;332(7540): 521–525. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38693.435301.80.
  14. Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. J Occup Health Psychol 1996;1(1):27–41. DOI: 10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.27.
  15. Kivimäki M, Nyberg ST, Batty GD, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet 2012;380(9852):1491–1497. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60994-5.
  16. Nieuwenhuijsen K, Bruinvels D, Frings-Dresen M. Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review. Occup Med 2010;60(4):277–286. DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqq081.
  17. Steptoe A, Kivimäki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge. Annu Rev Public Health 2013;34:337–354. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114452.
  18. Pickering TG. Mental stress as a causal factor in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2001;3(3):249–254. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-001-0047-1.
  19. Ganesh KS, Naresh AGV, Bammigatti C. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among male police personnel in urban Puducherry, India. Kathmandu Univ Med J 2014;12(48):242–246.
  20. Ohno K. Alcohol drinking patterns among policemen in shiga, kyoto yamaguchi and okinawa prefectures. Arukoru Kenkyuto Yakubutsu 1995;30(3):97–120.
  21. Violanti JM, Marshall JR, Howe B. Police occupational demands, psychological stress, and the coping function of alcohol. J Occup Med 1984;25(6):455–458. DOI: 10.1097/00043764-198306000-00010.
  22. Amah-Tariah FS, Dapper VD, Olorunfemi OJ. Cardiovascular risk factors in police officers. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medicinal Sciences 2016;15(9):140–144.
  23. Garbarino S, Magnavita N. Work stress and metabolic syndrome in police officers. A prospective study. PLOS One 2015;10(12):1–15. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144318.
  24. Saha A, Sahu S, Paul G. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factor in police offices. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2010;1(4):268–271.
  25. Puustinen PJ, Koponen H, Kautiainen H, et al. Psychological distress predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome: a prospective population-based study. Psychosom Med 2011;73(2):158–165. DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182037315.
  26. Gimeno D, Tabák AG, Ferrie JE, et al. Justice at work and metabolic syndrome: the Whitehall II study. Occup Env Med 2010;67(4):256–262. DOI: 10.1136/oem.2009.047324.
  27. Ganesh Kumar S, Deivanai Sundaram N. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among bank employees in urban Puducherry, India. Int J Occup Env Med 2014;5(2):94–100.
  28. Ashwin K, Ghorpade AG, Kar SS, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factor profiling of group C employees in JIPMER, Puducherry. J Fam Med Prim Care 2014;3(3):255–259. DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.141624.
  29. Ramakrishnan J, Majgi SM, Premrajan KC, et al. High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among policemen in Puducherry, south India. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2013;4(2):112–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcdr.2013.05.002.
  30. Hooper L, Summerbell CD, Thompson R, et al. Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011(7):1–210.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.