Pediatric Infectious Disease

Register      Login

VOLUME 2 , ISSUE 3 ( July-September, 2020 ) > List of Articles

Antimicrobials

Review of Amphotericin B for Invasive Fungal Infections in Neonates and Children

Citation Information : Review of Amphotericin B for Invasive Fungal Infections in Neonates and Children. Pediatr Inf Dis 2020; 2 (3):114-117.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1240

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 28-09-2020

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2020; The Author(s).


Abstract

Formulations of amphotericin B have come a long way since it was initially discovered. Studies of antifungals in the pediatric age-group are limited to those for cutaneous fungal infections. There are a few studies on the pharmacokinetics and safety of amphotericin B, and most dosage recommendations are extrapolated from adult data. A review of its use in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in neonates, children, and adolescents is the focus of this article.


PDF Share
  1. Groll AH, Piscitelli SC, Walsh TJ. Clinical pharmacology of systemic antifungal agents: a comprehensive review of agents in clinical use, current investigational compounds, and putative targets for antifungal drug development. Adv Pharmacol 1998;44:343–500. DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60129-5.
  2. Zaoutis TE, Coffin SE, Chu JH, et al. Risk factors for mortality in children with candidemia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24(8):736–739. DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000172938.76561.8e.
  3. Mesini A, Bandettini R, Caviglia I, et al. Candida infections in paediatrics: results from a prospective single-centre study in a tertiary care children's hospital. Mycoses 2016;60(2):118–123. DOI: 10.1111/myc.12570.
  4. Playford EG, Lipman J, Sorrell TC. Prophylaxis, empirical and preemptive treatment of invasive candidiasis. Curr Opin Crit Care 2010;16(5):470–474. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32833e10e8.
  5. Brissaud O, Guichoux J, Harambat J, et al. Invasive fungal disease in PICU: epidemiology and risk factors. Ann Intensive Care 2012;2(1):6. DOI: 10.1186/2110-5820-2-6.
  6. Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ, et al. Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001–2006: overview of the transplant-associated infection surveillance network (TRANSNET) database. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50(8):1091–1100. DOI: 10.1086/651263.
  7. Lestner JM, Smith PB, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, et al. Antifungal agents and therapy for infants and children with invasive fungal infections: a pharmacological perspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;75(6):1381–1395. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12025.
  8. Ghannoum MA, Rice LB. Antifungal agents: mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12(4):501–517. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.12.4.501.
  9. Al Balushi A, Khamis F, Klaassen CHW, et al. Double infection with leishmania tropica and L. major in an HIV patient controlled with high doses of amphotericin B. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018;5(12):ofy323. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy323.
  10. Rybak JM, Fortwendel JR, Rogers PD. Emerging threat of triazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019;74(4):835–842. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky517.
  11. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/glchunk/glchunk_398.pdf. Accessed on May 16, 2020.
  12. Schwarz P, Dromer F, Lortholary O, et al. Efficacy of amphotericin B in combination with flucytosine against flucytosine-susceptible or flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans during disseminated murine cryptococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50(1):113–120. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.50.1.113-120.2006.
  13. Spellberg B, Ibrahim AS. Recent advances in the treatment of mucormycosis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2010;12(6):423–429. DOI: 10.1007/s11908-010-0129-9.
  14. Bonifaz A, Tirado-Sánchez A. Cutaneous disseminated and extracutaneous sporotrichosis: current status of a complex disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2017;3(1):6. DOI: 10.3390/jof3010006.
  15. Salzer HJF, Burchard G, Cornely OA, et al. Diagnosis and management of systemic endemic mycoses Causing pulmonary disease. Respiration 2018;96(3):283–301. DOI: 10.1159/000489501.
  16. Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, et al. Infectious diseases society of America. clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45(7):807–825. DOI: 10.1086/521259.
  17. Lewis PO, Khan I, Patel P. Successful stepdown treatment of pulmonary histoplasmosis with thrice-weekly liposomal amphotericin B in a hospital-associated, outpatient infusion centre: a case report. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018;43(2):269–272. DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12609.
  18. Murray M, Hine P. Treating progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in people living with HIV. Cochrane Database Syst Rew 2020;4:CD013594. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013594.
  19. Pelly L, Juaid A, Fanella S. Severe blastomycosis in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014;33(11):1189–1191. DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000400.
  20. Linder N, Klinger G, Shalit I, et al. Treatment of candidaemia in premature infants: comparison of three amphotericin B preparations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52(4):663–667. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkg419.
  21. Walsh TJ, Katragkou A, Chen T, et al. Invasive candidiasis in infants and children: recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Fungi 2019;5(1):pii: E11. DOI: 10.3390/jof5010011.
  22. Greenberg RG, Benjamin DKJr. Neonatal candidiasis: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Infect 2014;69(Suppl 1):S19–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.07.012.
  23. Fisher JF, Sobel JD, Kauffman CA, et al. Candida urinary tract infections—treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52(suppl_6):S457–S466. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir112.
  24. Tuon FF, Amato VS, Filho SRP. Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B tract and fungal urinary infection—systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2009;13(6):701–706. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.10.012.
  25. Seibel NL, Shad AT, Bekersky I, et al. Safety, Tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016;61(2):e01477-16. DOI: 10.1128/AAC. 01477-16.
  26. Auriti C, Ronchetti MP, Bersani I, et al. Intrahepatic administration of liposomal amphotericin B (ambisome) for the management of a liver abscess from Candida albicans in a preterm infant. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018;62(12):e01239-18. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01239-18.
  27. Swaminathan S, Kamat S, Pinto NA. Echinocandins: their role in the management of Candida biofilms. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018;36(1):87–92. DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_400.
  28. Amphotericin, In: IAP Drug Formulary Unni JC, Nair MKC, Menon PSN 5th ed., Cochin: Pixel Studio; 2019. pp. 279–280.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.