Surface Anatomy

by Richard Tunstall, Nehal Shah

Surface anatomy is discussed using the examination and palpation of living subjects. Cadaveric specimens, sections and medical imaging are provided to cross-reference and enhance the understanding of positions, variability and relationships. Observation, palpation, percussion and auscultation should be used to guide identification and placement. Tissue manipulation, joint movement, muscle contraction and superficial vein occlusion can aid structure identification. Arteries, many of which are palpable, can act as a good guide to the surface location of neural structures. Some of the major topics include anatomical movements as well as anatomy of muscles, inguinal canal, pelvic girdle, gluteal region and thigh, perineal neurovasculature, vertebral column and muscles of the head and face.

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