This chapter discusses laparoscopy, where an appropriate knowledge of laparoscopic surgical instruments is fundamental for the operator. The Veress needle was the first instrument used to access the peritoneal cavity in order to create the pneumoperitoneum, and it is still the most widely used access method in laparoscopy. The electronic carbon dioxide insufflator pumps carbon dioxide into the peritoneal cavity, allowing the creation of the working chamber and maintaining a constant intraperitoneal pressure. Trocars are cannulas used for the introduction of instruments or laparoscopic endoscopes which allow the surgeon to access the peritoneal cavity and can be introduced either without pneumoperitoneum. The majority of endoscopes are based on a rod-lens system. The video camera is the eye of the operative and is fundamental to successful laparoscopic surgical technique. The monitors used for endoscopic surgery are mostly based on a horizontal scanning system. Forceps and scissors may be either disposable or reusable.