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Chapter-25 Skin Disorders in Nutritional Deficiency

BOOK TITLE: Essential of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy

Author
1. Chattopadhyay SP
ISBN
9788180610172
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11611_25
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2003
Pages
5
Author Affiliations
1. Armed Forces Medical College Pune, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan; Calcutta Medical and Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Chapter keywords
Protein caloric malnutrition, Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, Zinc deficiency, Acrodermatitis enteropathic, Vesiculobullous dermatitis, Hair loss, Eczederm vitamin A, Skin dry, Wrinkled, follicular, Hyperkeratosis (toad skin) controversial vitamin C, Scurvy.

Abstract

Manifestations of malnutrition are largely confined to the under developed and developing countries like African and Asian countries: (a) Marasmus, (b) Kwashiorkor, and (c) Chancre sore and tropical ulcer. Due to protein and calories: Results from starvation, with negative nitrogen balance. In children there is retardation of skeletal and mental development oedema, muscular wasting, and fatty infiltration of liver and enlargement of liver. Changes in skin, hair and mucosa when present are diagnostic. Skin: Flaky skin or cracked skin. Hair: Hair appears dry, lusterless, light red-brown in color. Premature graying of hair. Fine and brittle termed—pepper and slat appearance. Mucous membrane: Cheilosis, xerophthalmia and vulvovaginitis. Zinc is required for normal function all cells. Deficiency lead to acrodermatitis enteropathica seen 4 to 6 weeks after weaking breastfeeding characterized by photophobia. Endemic zinc deficiency: Endemic zinc deficiency leads to dwarfism and hypogonadism. Skin changes: In acute case acute eczematous eruptions: (i) Burn like skin changes and (ii) Sharply demarcated, thickened, red­-brown colored areas. Lichenification present. Hair changes: Alopecia. Nail changes: Paronychia. Beau line—deep transverse depression on nail plate. Vitamin A: Skin lesion attributed to vitamin A. Eye changes Xerosis of conjunctiva and cornea, keratomalacia treatment 5,000 per day. Vitamin B complex: Dermatosis is preceded by digestive disorder (Diarrhoea). Site of skin lesion is determined by exposure. Thiamine (B1): Deficiency produces-beriberi (2 types—dry and wet). Vitamin C (scurvy) produces: Enlargement and keratosis of hair follicle plugged with horny material.

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