This chapter discusses getting introduced to physiology, which means the study of the function of living organisms. Medical physiology concentrates on human physiology. The living organism functions somewhat differently at different stages of life such as childhood, youth and old age, pregnancy and lactation, during rest and exercise, and at different environmental temperatures and atmospheric pressures. Each organ-system makes some contribution towards providing optimum conditions for the functioning of all cells of the body. The cells are wonderful machines but have exacting requirements for optimum function. Adequate and appropriate nutrition and regular physical exercise are the two most important ways of improving the fighting capacity of our body. Our ancient art, literature, architecture and technology match the best in any ancient culture. An analytic view of the past is essential for understanding the present and has important lessons for the future. History is more than a chronicle of events.