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Chapter 7.7 Minerals and Electrolytes

BOOK TITLE: Understanding Medical Physiology: A Textbook for Medical Students

Author
1. Bijlani R.L.
ISBN
9788180612213
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10999_59
Edition
3/e
Publishing Year
2004
Pages
6
Author Affiliations
1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Chapter keywords
deficiency syndrome, enzymatic functions, generalized functions, energy transactions, thyroid function, metalloenzymes, reproductive function, intracellular fluid, macronutrients, fluorosis, osteoporosis, intestinal absorption, antibody production, essential nutrients, fluoride deficiency, significant contribution

Abstract

This chapter discusses minerals and electrolytes, where minerals are also nutrients which are required only in small quantities but perform vital functions in the body. Nutrient minerals are classified into macronutrients and micronutrients depending on their relative tissue content. Calcium ions are involved in the activation of several enzymes in the body. A normal calcium ion concentration is essential for normal neuromuscular excitability. Food iron is often divided into haem iron and non haem iron. The most significant function of iron is in oxidation reduction reactions. Circulating zinc is concentrated in red blood cells. Serum zinc is largely bound to proteins. Iodine functions in the body in the form of thyroid hormones. Besides poor physical and reproductive growth, poor wound healing, loss of appetite, diminished acuity of taste and smell, and several skin disorders have been attributed to zinc deficiency. Selenium is a part of the antioxidant system of the body.

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