This chapter discusses nutrition during infancy and childhood, where children need more energy in relation to their body weight, and also need more of body building ingredients. The quantity as well as quality of a child’s diet assumes importance. Human milk has a high count of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages which confer nonspecific as well as specific immunity. Casein present in human milk is more easily digested than that in cow’s milk. The human milk has been found to have several growth promoting factors such as epidermal growth factor, insulin and somatomedin. The disadvantage of junk foods is that they may provide energy but not the proteins, vitamins and minerals which are coupled with calories in better foods. Since a mixture of cereals and pulses provides at least 10 percent of the calories in the form of proteins, the mixture can serve as a staple for both children and adults.