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Chapter-15 Approach to Oligoanuria

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Nephrology

Author
1. Vijayakumar M
2. Nammalwar BR
ISBN
9788180613043
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11074_15
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2004
Pages
4
Author Affiliations
1. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India, Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Chennai, Dr Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt Ltd., Chennai, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chetpet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerela, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mehta’s Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dr. Mehta’s Hospital; Chennai Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Chennai, India, Chennai Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Dr Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India, Medical College, Alappey, Kerala, Manipal Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Kanchi Kamakoti, Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai
2. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS, Trust Hospital, Chennai, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India, Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Children; Mehta Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Mehta's Multispeciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Children and Dr Mehta’s Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Oliguria or anuria is a cardinal symptom of renal disease, particularly an indicator of functional failure of the kidney. Oliguria indicates mild to moderate renal failure while anuria is an indicator severe renal failure. Oliguria may result from 3 broad pathophysiologic processes: prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal mechanisms. Evaluation of the patient’s history and physical examination often reveals the cause. This is especially important in prerenal and postrenal processes since early diagnosis and treatment frequently results in complete recovery. In prerenal there is evidence of volume depletion like, thirst, postural hypotension, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, tachycardia and low JVP. High risk situation for development of post operative ARF include patients with preexisting renal dysfunction, cardiac or hepatic failure which is associated with abnormal renal hemodynamics, cardiac surgery, abdominal aortic surgery where aortic cross clamping may alter renal blood flow distribution, obstructive jaundice, septic shock, rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria after crush injury, prolonged immobilization, coma and malignant hyperthermia.

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