Abnormal amount of proteins in urine signifies essentially renal disease of which glomerular disease is a most frequent cause. Infrequently tubulointerstitial disease will have mild proteinuria. Occasionally proteinuria is due to non-renal disease as in paraproteinemias. Frequently proteinuria could be due to a benign self-limiting disorder as in febrile proteinuria or early indicator of impending serious renal disease or renal damage as in diabetic nephropathy or reflux nephropathy. Non-renal causes of proteinuria are mild to moderate and transient. Persistent and severe proteinuria is likely to be due to renal diseases and to arrive at a diagnosis initial evaluation should include detailed clinical examination and urinary microscopy to detect association of hematuria with proteinuria. A simple routine test for proteinuria even in a normal child can help in early detection of renal disease and play a very important role to prevent renal death, dialysis and transplant in children and its accompanying pain and suffering for the parents and the child and finally human wastage for the nation.