Understanding the mechanism of glomerular injury is important in knowing the details of various glomerular diseases occurring in children. The mechanism is not common to every type of glomerular disease. Various types of glomerular dysfunction occur in different types of glomerular disease. Some types of glomerular dysfunction are common in different types of glomerular disease. The progressive destruction of glomeruli can be detected by histopathology of renal tissue as glomerulosclerosis. The clinical outcome of progression of glomerular injury is persistent proteinuria with or without hematuria, hypertension, azotemia and renal failure, which terminally ends in uremia or end-stage renal disease. The mechanisms involved in causing glomerular injury are complex and occur at cellular and subcellular or molecular levels.