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Chapter-38 Disorders of Fluids and Electrolytes in Neonates

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Nephrology

Author
1. Narendran Vivek
2. Kallapur Suhas
ISBN
9788180613043
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11074_38
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2004
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
2. 3333, Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Transition to the extra-uterine environment is associated with major changes in circulation, respiratory function, renal physiology and body fluid composition. In addition, developmental immaturity of kidney dictates the need for closely monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance in these infants. This chapter discusses fluid and electrolyte disorders in term and preterm neonates. Neonates exposed to a full course of antenatal steroids have a more mature skin and therefore less insensible water loss. Sodium and potassium should not be added in the initial intravenous fluid since low glomerular function and high insensible losses cause premature infants to be hypernatremic and hyperkalemic in the first few days of life. The fluid volumes however should be tailored to each infant based on specific conditions. Serum glucose should also be monitored carefully since hyperglycemia is a common complication in these infants.

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