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Chapter-06 Acid-Base Physiology and Disturbances

BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Nephrology

Author
1. Shah Mehul A
ISBN
9788180613043
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/11074_6
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2004
Pages
20
Author Affiliations
1. Rainbow Children’s Hospital and Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, India, Little Stars Children’s Hospital and Apollo Health City, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, Apollo Health City, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Apollo Health City and Little Stars Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract

Free H+ ions are present in the body fluids in extremely low concentrations. Maintenance of a stable H+ ion concentration is necessary for activity of cellular enzymes and therefore, for normal cellular function. H+ ion concentration can be expressed as pH. It is important to recognize the inverse relationship between the pH and H+ ion concentration. An increase in H+ ion concentration reduces the pH and a decrease in H+ ion concentration raises the pH. A weak acid is poorly dissociated, having a low yield of free H+ ions per quantity of acid. The function of the buffer is to convert a strong acid into a weak acid. When evaluating an acid-base disorder, the first parameter to be analyzed is the blood gas. Based on low plasma bicarbonate concentration, one cannot conclude that it is due to metabolic acidosis.

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