With the advancements in modern science and DNA recombinant biotechnology, various novel and sensitive procedures have been developed to determine the side effects, pharmacological action, toxicity, and efficacy of biologically active and clinically important compounds, and so on. The main role of a molecular pharmacologist is to develop new and effective procedures for screening therapeutically important drugs and improve existing biotechnology to screen drugs of abuse, and environmental neurotoxins, herbal medicines, and and so on. Positron emission scanning, high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and neurobehavioral analysis are described briefly. Microtiter plate determinations of protein concentration, MTT cell proliferation assay, and lipid peroxidation are discussed. Atomic absorption spectroscopy, coulter counting, and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) are explained. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) machines are now being utilized to prepare stable transfectants using vectors encoding for green, red, or yellow fluorescence proteins. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is performed to study protein, enzyme, and neurotransmitter or hormone expression of the immunoprecipitated lysates. Cell transfection studies are conducted on healthy cells at subconfluent stage. Fluorescence microscopy to assess the therapeutic potential of antioxidants is explained. Gene overexpression, triple fluorochrome analysis, and multiprobe ribonuclease protection assay (MRPA) are discussed. cDNA microarrays for differential gene expression is a relatively new research procedure employed to study differential multiple gene expression under the influence of drugs, neurotransmitters, enzymes, or hormones, etc. Electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, Galvanic skin response (GSR), and neck muscle electromyography are performed routinely to determine the overall physiological status of an animal during drug treatment. In vivo microdialysis of anesthetized preparations is relatively simpler as compared to conscious preparations and requires specialized equipment with liquid swival and environment chamber with free access to food and water. Neurobehavioral analysis is explained. This neurobehavioral test is performed to check the extent of mobility in response to drug treatment.