Assessment of ventricular function, particularly of the left ventricle, is one of the commonest and most important applications of echocardiography. Presence of left ventricular dysfunction is a reliable prognostic indicator in all forms of cardiac disease. It has important therapeutic implications and many a time, clinical management is altered when an abnormality is detected in ventricular function. Ventricular dysfunction can be classified into left ventricular systolic dysfunction, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and right ventricular dysfunction. During ventricular systole, the interventricular septum (IVS) and the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) move towards each other. The amplitude of this motion is reduced in the presence of LV dysfunction. Practically all forms of cardiac disease can ultimately culminate into LV systolic dysfunction. The prominent causes are coronary artery disease, hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease, primary myocardial disease, and congenital heart disease. LV diastolic dysfunction occurs due to increased stiffness of the LV wall, which impairs diastolic blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. RV dysfunction is associated with a dilated and hypokinetic RV. Echo may reveal the underlying cause of RV dysfunction such as a left-to-right shunt or right-sided valvular disease.