This chapter discusses surgical anatomy and physiology of pharynx, which develops from anterior end of primitive foregut. Pharynx is lined by squamous stratified type of epithelium except in nasopharynx where the lining membrane is columnar ciliated epithelium. Nasopharynx extends from the base of skull above to the level of soft palate. Oropharynx extends from palatal sphincter to the level of tip of epiglottis. Hypopharynx extends from epiglottis up to the lower border of cricoid cartilage. Killian’s dehiscence is a gap between oblique and transverse fibres of inferior constrictor. Subepithelial collection of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx forms Waldeyer’s ring. Valleculae are situated between base of tongue and lingual surface of epiglottis bounded laterally by lateral glossoepiglottic fold. Plica triangularis is a free fold of mucous membrane extending from palatoglossal arch to the anteroinferior part of tonsil. Lymphatics drain into parapharyngeal and paratracheal group of lymph nodes.