This chapter discusses anatomy and physiology of larynx, which develops from tracheobronchial groove, a midline diverticula of foregut. The framework of larynx consists of cartilages, connected by ligaments, mucous membrane and moved by many muscles. Thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of all laryngeal cartilages and is of hyaline nature. Cricoid cartilage is also a hyaline cartilage and consists of a narrow anterior arch and posterior quadrate lamina for articulation with arytenoids. Epiglottis is omega shaped in neonates and infants. An arytenoid cartilage is pyramidal in shape and articulates with cricoid lamina. Thyrohyoid membrane extends between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage and is pierced by superior laryngeal nerve and vessels. Quadrangular membrane extends from the side of epiglottis to the vocal process and corniculate cartilage. Vocal folds are two sharp white folds of mucous membrane stretching from middle of angle of thyroid cartilage to the vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage.