The NMR spectral resonances due to methyl, methylene and methine protons of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), glutamate/glutamine (Glx), creatine (Cr), choline (Ch), myoinositol (mI), GABA, aspartate (Asp), Nacetyl aspartyl glutamate (NAAG) and other metabolites have been clearly identified in human brain using three-dimensional (3D) localized, water-suppressed one-dimensional (1D) 1H MR spectra recorded in human tissues. Spectroscopic imaging (SI), also called chemical shift imaging (CSI), enables distilling both chemical shift as well as spatial information from the acquired signal. The chemical shift expresses the local electronic environment and is predominantly an intramolecular interaction. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy enables converting a crowded, overlapping 1D MR spectrum to a better-resolved 2D spectrum through the addition of a spectral dimension. Fourier transformation of the standard acquisition dimension converts each FID to a frequency spectrum. Single-quantum (SQ) resonance of water protons and SQ coherences of metabolite protons are used in conventional MRI and MRS, respectively. Exchange 1H MR Spectroscopy (EXSY) in vivo is discussed. Clinical features of HE range from subtle changes in sleep patterns, anxiety, and personality changes to profound cognitive impairment, confusion, disorientation, and finally coma. Late-life major depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the elderly. It is associated with considerable medical and psychosocial morbidity. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been utilized to study the anatomical and biological substrates of depression in the elderly. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a potentially useful and minimally invasive technique for breast tissue classification. A recent study using two-dimensional localized correlated spectroscopy showed elevated water-to-fat (lipid) ratios in breast cancer and the presence of choline peaks in some breast cancer patients. Broadband excitation and detection of the Jcoupled metabolites in human tissues noninvasively have been demonstrated using different 2D MRS techniques.