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Chapter-12 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Gynecology

Author
1. Kumar Pratap
2. Sharma Siya Sharan
ISBN
9788180615108
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10276_12
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2005
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Center (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Karnataka, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kast
2. Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal-576 119. India, e-mail: drsiya@yahoo.com, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, e-mail: drsiya@yahoo.com
Chapter keywords

Abstract

PID implies inflammation of the upper genital tract involving the uterine cavity, fallopian tubes and ovaries. The PID lesions are usually bilateral since infection is ascending or blood born; though at times, it may be unilateral. PID is caused by the microorganisms that colonize the endocervix or those that ascend the cervix from exterior to the endometrium and fallopian tube. The most common (60-75%) cause of PID is sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Commonly, PID is caused by Niesseria gonorrhoeae (30% of cases) and Chlamydia trachomatis. These pathogens ascend along the mucosa and possibly with sperms to the pelvis and cause salpingo-oopheritis. Endogenous vaginal microorganisms such as Gardnerella vaginalis may cause PID. The infection by anaerobic organisms is greatly favored by blood loss, anemia, and tissue damage as seen in septic miscarriage.

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