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Chapter-13 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Gynecology

Author
1. Kumar Pratap
2. Sharma Siya Sharan
ISBN
9788180615108
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10276_13
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2005
Pages
15
Author Affiliations
1. Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Center (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal Assisted Reproductive Centre (MARC); Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Karnataka, Manipal, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kast
2. Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal-576 119. India, e-mail: drsiya@yahoo.com, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, e-mail: drsiya@yahoo.com
Chapter keywords

Abstract

The female genital tract is vulnerable to acquire infection from the external environment because of its anatomical location. The defense mechanisms are so protective that the organisms are not allowed access to the genital tract despite its anatomical vulnerability. The incidence of STDs is increasing due to high promiscuity and multiple sex partners. Sexually transmitted diseases being common in all parts of the globe require a clear understanding of the etiology, clinical features, and treatment. The appropriate treatment is the key to the success in relieving the patients of their chronic and irritating symptoms and signs. Timely intervention in the disease processes will reduce the long-term adverse effects on the genital tract and on the psychology of the women. STDs are responsible for infertility—due to blocked tubes and pelvic adhesions, ectopic gestation, and pre-cancer of cervix and vulva. Traditionally, only a few infections such as gonor­rhea, syphilis, human papilloma virus (HPV), and chancroid, were considered STDs. In recent times some more diseases have been associated with sexual transmission. These include trichomoniasis, candidiasis, herpes genitalis, chlamydial infection, genital warts, HIV, and hepatitis A and B. A few infections such as candidiasis are triggered by coitus although it colonizes in vagina normally. It is evident that STDs are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

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