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Chapter-14 HIV in Obstetrics and Gynecology

BOOK TITLE: Essentials of Gynecology

Author
1. Sivanesaratnam V
2. Omar Siti Zawiah
ISBN
9788180615108
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10276_14
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2005
Pages
7
Author Affiliations
1. University of Malaya Specialist Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, e-mail: siva@medicine.med.um.edu.my, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, University of Malaya Specialist Centre, Lorong University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is currently a leading threat to the health of women and children in the world today. By the end of the last decade, there were a total of about 35 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide, 50 percent of whom were women. The primary modes of transmission of HIV are through sexual activity, parenteral exposure to blood and perinatally from mothers to infants. There is no evidence of transmission through casual contact, water, food or environmental surfaces. Heterosexual transmission is the most common mode of HIV transmission for women worldwide. AIDS is also a significant contributor to childhood mortality. Today, there are about 2 million children under 15 years of age living with HIV/AIDS. Mother-to-child transmission (MCT) is recognized as the main mode of acquisition of the disease.

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