Radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment in advanced cervical cancer and cancer of the vagina. Chemotherapy is curative in case of germ call tumors of the ovary and trophoblastic tumors. A multidisciplinary team approach plays an important role in the management of gynecological malignancies with involvement of doctors, radiographers, engineers, physicists, pharmacists and healthcare providers. The use of ionising radiation is called radiotherapy. Ionising radiation plays a major role in the treatment of malignant diseases including gynecological cancers. Its role in the treatment of cervical cancer is well established. The effects of mustard gas on the bone marrow cells were first noticed during the World War 1 and it was since then that cytotoxic chemotherapy was developed. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used to treat gynecological cancers. In this chapter the basic principles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are highlighted. This is followed by a brief description of the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of individual gynecological malignancies.