Lamellar corneal surgery was conceived in the beginning of the 20th century with the Elschnig, Lohlein, and Morax techniques and further developed around 1950s with the Sourdille and Paufique techniques. Despite the intuition of decreasing the possibility of corneal allograft rejection, this lamellar corneal surgical technique was largely abandoned on account of poor visual results, as compared to the penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), due to inadequate surgical techniques and suboptimal instrumentation. In the 1980s, the development of refractive surgery techniques rekindled the interest of corneal surgeons and their attention was once again directed to lamellar corneal surgery and in particular to deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLK). In the past few years, corneal surgeons have expressed great interest in DLK as it does not lead to graft rejection. Moreover, DLK presents other advantages compared to PKP. DLK causes no wound dehiscence as well as a reduced period of time before suture removal, a quicker visual recovery with less astigmatism and a reduced risk of endothelial rejection. The most difficult step in DLK is the removal of deep stromal layers, because the stromal dissection depth relative to the corneal thickness cannot be optically visualized under the operating microscope. The injection of trypan blue 0.02 percent solution into the stromal layer enables the surgeon to better visualize and remove the posterior stromal layers intraoperatively, because Descemets’s membrane remains unstained. This technique is developed to facilitate DLK surgery, and it can help to decrease the risk of perforation of Descemet’s membrane and the endothelium.