Like all the other Systemic Examinations(except the Nervous system), the “Respiratory System” examination is also carried out in four steps is viz.-Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation. This chapter gives its readers a systematic approach to reach to the diagnosis of respiratory system ailments like respiratory tract infections, progressive dyspnea, tachypnea, pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, crepitations, stridor, pleural effusion, COPD, pneumonia etc. It also includes excellent descriptive photographs of normal thoracic anatomy and surface marking of the chest. This chapter contains 17 illustrative tables and 11 figures. Various common pathologies of the chest have been shown with the help of plain radiographs (x-rays). Special focus has been given over the types of respiration, tactile vocal fremitus, percussion notes, breath sounds and auscultatory vocal resonance. After thoroughly reading the chapter, the readers should make themselves undergo the CLINICAL PROBLEMS (CASE TAKING) which have been presented towards the end of the chapter. These clinical problems have been specially designed so that the readers can themselves assess their knowledge and can reach to the final diagnosis as well as their differential diagnoses.