The alimentary system is the most complex system of the human body next only to the nervous system. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) consists of various interconnected organs and perhaps, the alimentary system is the only system in our body that has such variety of organs, each performing different functions (control of food passage, digestion, absorption and removal of ingested food materials). The history-taking plays a highly crucial role in the process of diagnosing GI tract disorders. The “Alimentary System” examination is also carried out in four steps viz.- Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation. This chapter gives its readers a systematic approach to reach to the diagnosis of alimentary system ailments like GI tract infections, Hepatitis, Lymphadenopathy, Liver failure, Cirrhosis, Portal hypertension, Hepatic encephalopathy, Ascites, Hepatosplenomegaly, Diarrhea, Cholestasis, Cholelithiasis, Silent abdomen, Obesity, Anemia, Erythema, Lump, Hernia etc. It also includes excellent descriptive photographs of normal abdominal anatomy and surface marking of the abdomen. This chapter contains 34 illustrative tables and 15 figures. Various common pathologies of the abdomen have been shown with the help of plain radiographs (x-rays). Special focus has been given over the Palpation techniques. After thoroughly reading the chapter, the readers should make themselves undergo the CLINICAL PROBLEMS (CASE TAKING) of GIT and Nephrology which have been presented towards the end of the chapter. These clinical problems have been specially designed so that the readers can themselves assess their knowledge and can reach to the final diagnosis as well as their differential diagnoses.