Therapeutic exercise is the systemic and planned performance of bodily movements or physical activities intended to improve patient’s masculo-skeletal state, sense of wellbeing and to prevent or reduce health risk factors. The basic principle of exercise therapy is based upon body’s reaction to forces and stress applied upon them. Therapeutic exercises can be of strengthening, co-ordinating, relaxing, mobilising balancing or enduring type. Specificity of training should be considered relative to the mode and velocity of exercise, movement pattern and position of limb during an exercise program. Isometric contraction increases tone of muscles where as isotonic contractions mainly increase ROM of joints to which a particular muscle is attached. Again in isotonic type contraction the muscle fibres may contract concentrically or eccentrically. Conversely isokinetic is a form of dynamic exercise in which velocity of muscle action and the angular velocity is kept constant by a rate timing device but the load may vary. Range of muscle contractions occurs in dynamic exercises where the ranges may be of inner, middle or outer. PRE is another type of exercise by which weak muscles can be strengthened with application of load in a gradual manner considering the person’s cardio-pulmonary status. In relaxation exercise, physiologically hypertonic muscles are made to relax in order to regain its normalcy. In ataxic conditions co-ordination exercises are needed to maintain appropriate sequencing and intensity for a particular performance. The components of co-ordination exercises are volition, perception and engram formation. Mobilization exercise is primarily indicated for stiff movable body structures such as joints to become more flexible to carry out normal performances. Here this is done passively either manually or with help of machines. Endurance is the capacity of a muscle to contract at a specific rate with a specific load for a specific duration. Endurance can be of cardio-vascular, respiratory or musculo-skeletal type. This depends upon the strength of muscle, energy store and capacity of circulatory and respiratory system. Endurance training includes warm-up, aerobics and cool down. Gait training is an important aspect in the rehabilitation of neurological and orthopaedic conditions.