Anaesthesia for neurosurgery is highly intricate and requires adequate skill and knowledge regarding neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. The relationship between cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen should be clearly understood. Pharmacological implications should also be borne in mind. Neuroanaesthetist should always be careful regarding selection of drugs, technique of ventilation of lungs and the choice of monitors as these are most important in the out come of the surgical procedures. This chapter deals with the related anatomy, physiology and pharmacology and review of anaesthetic management of some nonsurgical procedures including intracranial and spinal operations. The other topics include stroke, head injury, coma, cerebral oedema, epilepsy, myasthenia gravis, and anaesthesia for meningocele, hydrocephalus and so on.