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Chapter-14 Functional Genomics Approach for Understanding Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

BOOK TITLE: Herbal Drugs: A Twenty First Century Perspective

Author
1. Dutta Ajaswrata
2. Raina Susheel Kumar
3. Sen Jayanti
ISBN
9788180618505
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10352_14
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2006
Pages
11
Author Affiliations
1. National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Post Box: 10531, JNU Campus, New Delhi-110067, India
2. National Centre for Plant Genome Research, Post Box: 10531, JNU Campus, New Delhi-110067, India
3. Post Box: 10531, JNU Campus, New Delhi-110067, India
Chapter keywords
Functional genomics, Catharanthus roseus, Secondary metabolism, TIA biosynthetic pathway, Terpenoid indole alkaloids

Abstract

Secondary metabolites have historically been defined as naturally occurring substances that are not vital to the cell that produces them but contributes to the overall fitness of the organism. Despite the tremendous importance of secondary metabolites for humans as for the plant itself, plant secondary metabolism remains poorly characterized. Catharanthus roseus, which produces important terpenoid indole alkaloids, has been developed as a model system for biotechnological studies on plant secondary metabolism. New approaches are facilitating both the discovery of genes that encode natural products and pathway engineering. Here we present an overview of the different functional genomics approaches used to unravel the different aspects of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway so as to enable the better understanding of the pathway which will ultimately facilitate the manipulation of the pathway. Yeast one-hybrid screening and T-DNA activation tagging have greatly facilitated the identification of transacting factors regulating the key genes of the pathway. The correlative analysis of metabolic profiling and gene expression profiling has proven another powerful approach for identification of candidate genes and enzymes. Proteomics approach involving protein composition analysis by 2D gels combined with mass spectrometry has resulted in the identification of some unique sequences along with enzymes involved in TIA biosynthesis. These new approaches have largely enhanced our understanding of the TIA pathway that would be of prime importance for its manipulation.

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