India is among the first few countries, which adopted an official family planning program as early as 1950. However, even fifty-five years later, this has not prevented the population growth. The available methods of birth control are lacking popularity, due to the hesitation of the people to adopt synthetic drugs, which are known for their associated side effects. There are many plants growing in India and elsewhere, which are said to possess the property of preventing birth, and have been used mostly by tribal populations for this purpose. Alkaloids and glycosides, mainly isoflavones, present in plants are found to be effective in inducing contraceptive response. The present review is an attempt to understand the role of plant products in fertility control and its mode/mechanism(s) of action.