In 1998, a phase II, multicentric clinical trial with Essure™ intratubal devices (Conceptus Inc) was conducted in five hospitals in the United States, Australia, Belgium and Spain. In 2000 a multicentric pilot study was begun with a larger number of cases and hospitals to confirm the satisfactory phase II results. According to plans, both trials were completed in 2006. In July 2001 the EC granted approval for clinical use. In October 2002 the FDA gave its approval in the United States.