This chapter defines and explains normal arterial pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure. It highlights the effect of gravity on normal arterial pressure. This chapter elaborates the methods of measuring arterial pressure. The transmission of pressure pulses in the arteries and the vascular compliance of veins are also described. This chapter discusses in detail the role played by Vasomotor center in exhibiting Sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone, attributable to a steady rate of discharge of vasoconstrictor nerve fibers that maintains the blood vessels in partial state of contraction, known as Vasomotor tone. The baroreceptors, their morphology and properties, the chemoreceptor reflex and CNS ischaemic response are described as rapidly acting arterial pressure control mechanisms. The intermediate and long term control mechanisms and other cardiovascular reflexes are also highlighted. The vasomotor center, the cardiac centers, their afferent and efferent nerve supply, their influence on blood vessels and heart, and the baroreceptor reflex are illustrated as flow diagram. The importance of sympathetic vasodilator system in causing anticipatory vasodilation prior to exercise and emotional fainting or vasovagal syncope is emphasised.