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Chapter-13 Diuretics and Antidiuretics

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences

Author
1. Udaykumar Padmaja
ISBN
9788184481495
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10941_13
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2007
Pages
8
Author Affiliations
1. Father Muller Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Diuretic is an agent who increases urine and solute excretion. Diuretics may be classified based on their efficacy as high, moderate and low efficacy diuretics. Loop diuretics are powerful diuretics. Furosemide is the most commonly used loop diuretic and acts by inhibiting NaCl-reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the Henle’s loop. Thiazides act on the early distal tubules and have a moderate efficacy. Potassium sparing diuretics have low efficacy; spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist while amiloride and triamterene act directly on the distal tubule and collecting duct. Diuretics are used in the treatment of edema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure and in poisoning to induce the forced diuresis. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and causes bicarbonate diuresis. It is used in glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis and in mountain sickness. Mannitol an osmotic diuretic is used to maintain urine volume in massive hemolysis and shock. Anti diuretics are drugs that reduce urine volume and include vasopressin and its analogues.

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