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Chapter-34 Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Disorders

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences

Author
1. Udaykumar Padmaja
ISBN
9788184481495
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10941_34
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2007
Pages
15
Author Affiliations
1. Father Muller Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Peptic ulcer is thought to result from an imbalance between acid-pepsin secretion and mucosal defense factors. Antacids are basic substances that neutralize the gastric acid and raise the pH of the gastric contents. H2 receptor blockers competitively inhibit the action of histamine on H2 receptors and thereby reduce gastric secretion. Proton pump inhibitors are the most efficacious inhibitors of the gastric acid secretion. Ulcer protectives adhere to the base of the ulcer and promote healing. Prokinetic agents enhance gastroduodenal motility and hasten gastric emptying. Metoclopramide and domperidone are used in reflex esophagitis, as anti emetics and for pre-anesthetic medication. Emetics are drugs that produce vomiting. Apomorphine and ipecacuanha are used as emetics. Antiemetics are drugs that are used to prevent or control vomiting. 5HT3 antagonists like ondansetron are powerful antiemetics. Dopamine D2 antagonists, antihistamines like promethazine and antimuscarinics like hyoscine are used as anti emetics. Purgatives are drugs that promote defecation. Bulk laxatives increase the volume and lower the viscosity of intestinal contents. Faecal softeners, osmotic purgatives and stimulant purgatives increase intestinal motility. Diarrhoea should be treated by prompt replacement of fluid and electrolytes, and treatment of the cause as in bacterial or protozoan infections. Antidiarrhoeal drugs provide symptomatic relief and include adsorbents and anti-motility drugs.

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