The pituitary gland, under the influence of the hypothalamus secretes many hormones which either control the secretion of other glands or directly act on the target tissues. Growth hormone releasing hormone stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete growth hormone. Somatostatin is growth hormone release inhibiting hormone and octreotide is the synthetic analog of somatostatin which is useful in acromegaly, some hormone secreting tumors and in bleeding esophageal varices. Corticotrophin releasing factor is used in diagnostic tests of Cushing’s disease. Gonadotropin releasing hormone secreted in the pulsatile manner regulates the secretion of gonadotropins FSH and LH. GnRH analog leuprolide is used in prostatic cancer, uterine fibroid and in endometriosis. Growth hormone stimulates the growth of all hormones except brain and the eye. The secretion of growth hormone is regulated by GHRH and somatostatin. Thyrotropins stimulate the secretion and production of thyroid hormones and regulate thyroid functions. Gonadotropins regulate gonadal function and are used in gonadotropin deficiency state, undescended testes and to time the ovulation in in vitro fertilization. Prolactin deficiency results in lactation failure.