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Chapter-55 Miscellaneous Drugs

BOOK TITLE: Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences

Author
1. Udaykumar Padmaja
ISBN
9788184481495
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10941_55
Edition
2/e
Publishing Year
2007
Pages
13
Author Affiliations
1. Father Muller Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Immunosuppressant’s are drugs which inhibit immunity. They may suppress cell mediated or humoral immunity or both. T cell inhibitors like cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil are used in the prophylaxis and treatment of graft rejection in organ transplantation surgeries and in autoimmune disorders. Cytotoxic drugs like azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate inhibit cell mediated immunity. Immunostimulating and immunomodulating agents are drugs that modulate the immune response and can be used to increase the immune responsiveness of patients with immunodeficiency as in AIDS, chronic illness and cancers. Antiseptics and disinfectants are used for destruction of pathogenic micro organisms. If spores are also killed, it is called sterilization. A disinfectant is an antimicrobial used on inanimate objects. A and D? Have a wide range of application in the hospital as well as domestic set up. Alcohols are used to clean the skin before injections and surgeries. Formaldehyde is used for fumigation and for sterilizing instruments which cannot be moistened with solutions. Surfactants are detergents and lower the surface tension of solutions. They are non-irritating and safe and are commonly used germicidal agents. Iodophors are used for pre-operative scrubbing, preparation of the skin, disinfection of instruments and are topical antiseptics. Chelating agents bind the heavy metal ions and the complex so formed is water soluble and is eliminated by the kidneys. They are used in the treatment of heavy metal intoxication. Vitamins are organic compounds essential for normal metabolism in the body. They are grouped as fat soluble and water soluble vitamins and their deficiencies result in characteristic signs and symptoms. Gene therapy is the replacement of defective gene by the insertion of a normal, functional gene. It is the genetic modification of cells for the prevention or treatment of a disease.

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