The study of childhood cancers has greatly enhanced our knowledge of oncogenes and certain chromosomal abnormalities that predispose to certain types of cancer. Management of pediatric solid tumors most aptly exemplifies the concept of multimodal therapy of cancer. This has progressed rapidly over the past 20 years, due to developments in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their optimal combination for the best possible results. It has greatly improved the prognosis of children suffering from solid tumors. Pediatric cancer is not so common in the developing countries, where death due to this is one third of that in developed countries. The principal health concerns among children, in the developing countries are nutritional disorders and infections. The commonest pediatric cancers are the leukemias and lymphomas, however of the solid tumors; brain tumor has the highest incidence, followed by neuroblastoma, Wilm’s tumor, soft-tissue sarcomas, osteosarcoma, Ewing\'s sarcoma, retinoblastoma and germ cell tumors, in order of decreasing incidence.