In this chapter injuries caused by alkalis and acids are dealt with. Agents causing alkali burns, the biochemistry, features and pathology of such burns are discussed. Alkali’s effect on the cornea, vessels and uveal tract is the most important one. The role played by collagenase and fibronectin in such burns is important. The grade of burn is an indicator for the final result. The treatment is mainly medical and in later stages surgical. The role of early irrigation and collagenase inhibitor in treatment of alkali burns is specially mentioned. Under surgical treatment amniotic membrane graft and epi keratoprosthesis are some of them that are covered. Acid burns are discussed next comparing it with alkali burns.