It is going to be 50 years since stem cells were recognised and are considered as a very important tool. They go through TAC, TDC before reaching TDC stage in its development. This chapter describes stem cell’s formation, the proof of its existence, the source, its benefits and causes of its deficiency. The features of stem cells deficiency and their management are detailed. The various surgeries for stem cell deficiency are compared. As amniotic membrane plays an important role in the treatment of stem cell deficiency, it is also dealt with in this chapter – its source, mode of action, indications for its use and the surgical techniques. Other options that are open for stem cell deficiency are mentioned.