Pediatric ventilation has undergone dramatic changes over the years with research providing much information on lung physiology. There have also been considerable advances in the mode of ventilation with attempts to make the whole process more physiological and less uncomfortable for the child. The emphasis is on avoiding lung damage. There is wide variation between clinicians as far as ventilation strategy is concerned, and this depends on the comfort level and training undertaken by the concerned clinician. This chapter throws light on the different modalities and strategies of ventilation which includes invasive as well as non-invasive ventilation.