Human Papilloma virus causes a wide spectrum of proliferative epithelial lesions in human beings including anogenital warts and neoplasia. At least thirty types have been found to infect genital mucosa. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in the world and commonest in India causing 500,000 new cases every year and 74,000 deaths. Preventive vaccines have been launched and FDA approved and two types are available Gardasil (Merck) is a quadrivalent vaccine which protects against four types-16, 18, 6 and 11 while cervarix is a bivalent and gives protection against 16 and 18. The side effects are mild and the routine screening needs to be continued post vaccination. The total duration of protection is not yet known and the second generation vaccines are under research.