Since the beginning of the pandemic, three main transmission routes for HIV have been identified. The majority of HIV infections are acquired through unprotected sexual relations. HIV may be transmitted from mother to child in three ways: In-utero, during the time of delivery, breastfeeding. In the absence of treatment, the transmission rate between the mother and child is 25%. However, where drug treatment and cesarean section are available, this can be reduced to 1% to 2%.