From the number of health clubs mushrooming in every nook and corner of almost all cities and variety of health foods available, it seems that majority of the people in this world are not satisfied with their weight. Body composition forms an important aspect of physical fitness. In this chapter you will find description of Methods of assessment of body composition. These include Hydrostatic weighing, Skin fold thickness measurement, Girth measurements, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Duel-Energy X ray Absorptiometry and Radiological techniques like CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MYTH section dispels two important misconceptions \"If I have my body weight in ‘desirable’ range for my height, my body fat percentage is also within a healthy range\" and \"Supplements like chromium picolinate increase lean body mass\". With the help of diagrams the ZOOM IN depicts Locations for measurement of skinfold thickness. The WHY BOX underlines limitations of BMI \"In spite of its usefulness why BMI is considered as an index with limited utility?\" All in all an important chapter to understand basics of body composition.