Pharyngeal arches are present in lateral wall of pharynx. Initially there are six arches. Later on fifth arch disappears. Pharyngeal apparatus: It consists of following components: (i) Pharyngeal arches: mesodermal, (ii) Pharyngeal grooves or ectodermal clefts: ectodermal. (iii) Pharyngeal pouches: endodermal, and (iv) Pharyngeal membranes: made up of ectoderm and endoderm. Pharyngeal grooves or ectodermal clefts: First pharyngeal groove forms external acoustic meatus. Pharyngeal membranes: First pharyngeal membrane contributes to the formation of tympanic membrane. Pharyngeal arches: Each arch contains a pair of arch arteries, a cartilage, a nerve and group of muscles derived from the arch. The arch arteries develop into major arteries close to the heart. Cartilage develops into skeletal elements of head and neck. Each arch is supplied by a nerve. Muscles supplied by that nerve are developed from that arch. Pharyngeal pouches develop into organs/structures of head and neck like middle ear, auditory tube, thymus and parathyroid. Nerves of pharyngeal arches: Nerve of the first arch is trigeminal. Nerve of second arch is facial Nerve of third arch is glossopharyngeal. Nerve of fourth arch is superior laryngeal nerve. Nerve of the sixth arch is recurrent laryngeal nerve. Face develops from five processes: (i) Fronto nasal process, (ii) Medial nasal process, (iii) Lateral nasal process, (iv) Maxillary process, and (v) Mandibular process.