Mental hygiene is concerned with the promotion of positive health of individuals in a community by designing and implementing programmes which aim at reducing the incidence and prevalence of various mental illnesses. The state of emotional well-being, or ‘mental health’, means the person functions comfortably within his society and is satisfied with himself, his society and his achievements. We say that some person is mentally healthy, only when we see that he has maintained a balance or integration between his body, mind, spirit and his environment. If not noticed or neglected the individual will slip into the state of mental illness. Some of the common signs are described in this chapter. Counselling helps in the process of recovery. It aims to help the individual adjust to his problems and improve his quality of life.