This chapter outlines the importance and principles of sterility as related to laboratory medicine and in general. All the various sterilization methods available are presented in necessary detail. The instruments and implements used for sterilization have been covered. Chemical methods of sterilization are nicely included. Modern day disinfection and disinfectants are given in exhaustive details along with commercially available products and their proper usage. As these products can not be prepared in an ordinary setup of a laboratory therefore a complete range of appropriate commercially products has been covered.