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Chapter-13 Superior Radioulnar Joint

BOOK TITLE: Kadasne’s Textbook of Anatomy (Clinically Oriented): Volume 1: Upper and Lower Extremities

Author
1. Kadasne DK
ISBN
9788184484557
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10433_13
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
16
Author Affiliations
1. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIMS (a Deemed University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (A Deemed University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Chapter keywords

Abstract

It is synovial uniaxial pivot variety of joint. It is formed by the head of the radius and radial notch on the upper end of ulna. Radius is surrounded by the annular ligament. It is synovial uniaxial pivote type of joint. The head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch on the radius. Articular disc is triangular fibrocartigenous disc connecting the two bones of the forearm at the lower ends. An apex of the disc is attached to the area between the styloid process and the head of ulna. However the base of the disc is attached to the lower border of the ulnar notch on the radius. The disc prevents the head of ulna from participating in the formation of the wrist joint. Middle radio-ulnar joint is formed by interosseous borders of the radius and ulna which are interconnected by the interosseous membrane of the forearm. The fibres of the membrane are directed downwards and medially. The thick fibrous cord known as oblique cord runs from the lower part of the radial tuberosity to the ulnar tubercle. In normal anatomical position the flexor surface of the forearm faces anteriorly and the thumb laterally. This is the position of the supination. However when the flexor surface of the forearm faces posteriorly and the thumb medially, it is known as the position of pronation. The movements of pronation and supination occur at the superior and inferior ulnar joints. The axis of the movement runs downwards and medially from the centre of the head of the radius above to the styloid process below. Brachio-radialis muscle takes origin from the upper 2/3rd of the lateral supra-condyler ridge and gets inserted to the lower 1/3rd of the lateral surface of the radius just above the styloid process. Extensor carpi radialis longus arises from the lower part of the lateral supra-condyler ridge below the origin of brachio-radialis muscle. It is inserted into the base of the second metacarpal bone. Brachio-radialis and the extensor carpi radialis longus muscles are directly supplied by the radialis nerve. The common extensor muscles arise from the front of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus while the common flexors arise from the front of the medial condyle of the humerus. Supinator muscle presents superficial and deep stratas. Posterior interosseous nerve passes between the two stratas of the supinator muscle. Posterior interosseous nerve is a branch of radial given in front of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It gives a branch to the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the supinator muscle before its entry into the muscles. Superficial veins of the upper limb consist of cephalic vein on the radial and the basalic vein on the ulnar sides. They arise from dorsal Venus arch. Median cubital vein lies on the bicipital aponeurosis. Basalic vein continues as the axillary, vein from the site of the insertion of coraco-brachialis muscle upwards. It is used for introducing the cardiac catheter. Cephalic vein is not selected for the purpose as it has curvature and the valve. Cephalic vein can be used for giving infusions in the superior venacava. Extensor expansion is formed on the dorsum of the proximal phalanx where it divides into three out of which middle slip gets attached to the base of the middle phalanx while the two collateral slips get inserted into the base of the terminal phalanx.

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