The region between the knee and the ankle is known as the leg. Tibia and fibula are the bones of the leg, tibia being the medial and the fibula lateral. Deep fascia of the leg begins at the anterior border of the tibia surrounds the leg and ends at the medial border of the tibia. It is not attached to the fibula directly. However, anterior and the posterior borders of the fibula are attached to the fascial cover by means of anterior and posterior septae. General consideration: Leg is divided into three compartments i.e. extensor, flexor and peroneal. Extensor compartment contains, Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Peroneus tertius. Flexor compartment contains Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus muscles. Peroneal compartment contains Peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis muscles. Superficial veins: Mainly two: (1) Long saphenous and (2) Small (short saphenous) saphenous veins. The long saphenous vein begins at the medial end of dorsal venous arch. Short saphenous vein begins at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch. Long saphenous vein passes in front of medial malleolus to reach the medial surface of tibia. Next it follows the medial border of the tibia and goes to the back of the knee. Small (short) Saphenous Vein runs behind lateral malleolus and drains into the popletial vein. Deep fascia: It is absent over the medial surface of the tibia. The posterior surface of tibia presents a vertical line. There is a well defined crest on the posterior surface of the fibula. Interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula are connected by the interosseous membrane. Tibialis posterior muscle arises from the posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the fibula. It is inserted into the tuberosity of the navicular bone, all the metatarsals except first and the tarsals except talus. Tibialis anterior muscle arises from upper 2/3rds of the lateral surface of the tibia and is inserted into base of the first metatarsal bone and the adjoining part of the medial cuneiform bone. Peroneal longus muscle arises from the peroneal surface of the fibula and is inserted into the lateral aspect of the base of the first metatarsal and the adjoining part of the medial cuneiform bone. Tibialis anterior and the peroneous longus form a sling which supports a medial longitudinal arch. Leg is divided into three compartments i.e. extensor flexor and peroneal. Extensor compartment contains extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneous tertius and the tibialis anterior muscles. They are supplied by the deep peroneal nerve. Flexor compartment of the leg contains gastrocnemious, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior, popletious, flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus muscles. The flexor compartment contains the posterior tibial artery and the tibial nerve. Extensor compartment of the leg has the anterior tibial artery and the deep peroneal nerve. In the upper 2/3rd of the leg the nerve is lateral to the artery. It tries to cross the artery from the front from lateral to medial side but makes a lateral shift, thus avoiding crossing of the artery. (Hesitation of the nerve to cross the artery). Peroneal compartment has peroneous longus and the peroneous brewis muscles; they are supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve. Just infront of the ankle little above and below there are superior and inferior retinaculi of which the inferior is Y shaped. The following structures are related to the ankle anteriorly from medial to lateral side. Tibialis anterior extensor hallucis long, anterior tibial artery, deep peroneal nerve, extensor digitorum longus and the peroneous tertius muscle from medial to lateral side. (The Himalayas are never dry places). Posterior relations of the ankle from the medial to lateral side are: (1) tibialis posterior, (2) flexor digitorum longus, (3) posterior tibial artery, (4) posterior tibial nerve, and (5) flexor hallucis longus. (Talented doctors are never hungry).