Growth, a measure of physical maturation, and development, a measure of functional/physiological maturation, are so closely interrelated that it is virtually impossible to separate one from the other. Consequently, the two terms in practice are either employed together or denote synonymous meaning. However, strictly speaking, they represent two different aspects: quantity (growth) and quality (development). Generally, the two proceed concurrently. This may not always be so. After the overview, the Chapter embarks on types of growth studies, various factors influencing growth and development, various periods of growth; laws (principles) of growth, types of body build (somatotypes), growth spurts, important criteria for assessment of growth, linear catch-up growth. An interesting discussion whether growth standards should be local or international follows. The new WHO-recommended growth standards (2006-07) are now required to be followed globally. The contention behind this recommendation is that differences in children’s growth up to 5 year of age are more influenced by feeding practices, environment and healthcare rather than genetic or ethnic factors. Finally is dealt the spectrum of development, providing an excellent Box on normal developmental milestones, assessment of development employing Denver development screening test (DDST), Denver II (modified DDST), Goodenough draw-a-man test, Baroda DST, Trivandrum DST, etc. The stress is on a combination of clinical judgment (based on history, physical examination and observations), parental concern, and formal screening test(s) to identify children with developmental disability. The Chapter also emphasizes on identification of high-risk neonates in need of focused developmental screening and provides much-needed guidelines for developmental screening.