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Chapter-44 Pediatric Laboratory Procedures

BOOK TITLE: The Short Textbook of Pediatrics

Author
1. Gupte Suraj
2. Chowdhary Bhavna B
ISBN
9788184484694
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10983_44
Edition
11/e
Publishing Year
2009
Pages
9
Author Affiliations
1. Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha, Hisar, India, Mamata Medical College and General and Super Specialty Hospitals, Khammam, Telangana, India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspeciality Hospitals, Khammam, Telangana, South India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata, General and Superspecialty Hospitals, Khammam, Telangana, India, Postgraduate Department of Pediatrics Mamata Medical College and Hospital Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspecialty Hospitals, Khammam 507002, Andhra Pradesh, India, Mamata Medical College/Mamata General and Superspecialty Hospitals, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India, Mamata Medical College and Hospitals, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India, Narayana Medical College/Narayana General and Superspeciality Hospitals, Nellore 524002, AP, South India, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, AP, India, Narayana Medical College/Narayana General and Superspeciality Hospitals, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh (India), Children’s Health Cen
2. School of Medical Studies, Edinburgh, UK
Chapter keywords

Abstract

Laboratory procedures are an essential part of evaluation of a pediatric patient after the clinical workup is over. They assist in narrowing down the clinical diagnostic probabilities and even confirming the diagnosis the clinician has in mind. Blood examination includes collection of blood and the carrying out of tests for hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell count, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, reticulocyte count, and platelet count. Urine examination includes collection, physical examination, chemical examination, and urine microscopy. As a rule, > 5 red cells or > 5 white cells per high power field are considered subnormal. Detection of tubular casts, especially in the presence of an abnormal number of red or white cells points to existence of a renal disorder. Stool examination comprises collection, microscopy (direct, concentration method), tests for occult, fat globules, reducing substances and stool pH. CSF examination is mandatory in certain situations e.g. suspected CNS infection. It should be ensured that CSF is collected in a sterile, capped vial and transported to the laboratory quickly to safeguard from lysis of cells.

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