This chapter presents some important aspects of a successful surgeon. The three phases of surgery are deliberate learning of each step of surgical operation, doing mental training and analysis of procedure and technique, and doing the surgery with directions to assistants with smooth flow and coordination of the team. The most important skill a junior should acquire is the ability to discuss any professional problems with a senior colleague. Also, nurses and doctors need to work side by side as equals in the workplace although ultimately the overall responsibility and duty of care of the patient rests with the doctor. Expert performance represents the highest level of skill acquisition in junior doctors and the final result of a gradual improvement in performance through extended experience in a given domain. Given the advances in technology and the accruing evidence of their effectiveness, it is the time to take stock of the changes that can be made to improve the assessment and training of surgeons in the future.